1. Is multitasking an important skill to have, and why?

Yes, the ability to switch between tasks quickly or manage several tasks at once can help us handle stressful moments or unexpected tasks when we’re already focused on something else. Some individuals are more adaptable and flexible, both mentally and physically, when it comes to completing multiple tasks. Being innovative and adaptable can help us adjust to task requirements and manage multiple responsibilities simultaneously. Often, there are moments of downtime (e.g., waiting for the kettle to boil, loading and unloading, waiting in queues, delays in co-worker responses) that can be used to complete other tasks. We can also apply methods like combination multitasking. For instance, if we need to do cardio to stay fit but also have gardening tasks, we can combine the two (e.g., digging up weeds and topsoiling the grass), creating a hybrid task with dual benefits.

2. Are there limitations or downsides to multitasking? Can you explain?

Yes, there are. Efficiency and effectiveness often decline, and safety can become a concern if the tasks involve monitoring or operating machinery. Multitasking can also lead to fatigue because you’re working harder in a shorter period. Additionally, any time saved may be replaced with more work, potentially leading to burnout. In terms of work, humans are generally built for “sprints,” not for prolonged endurance tasks, as it can result in burnout. The recommendation is that if we earn free time, we should use it for breaks and rest rather than filling it with additional tasks.

3. What does science say about multitasking? Can you discuss any relevant research?

Many studies suggest that multitasking reduces the performance and quality of each task. If the goal is to achieve a satisfactory outcome, multitasking can be a viable strategy. However, if high-quality results are required, multitasking is not the best choice. Different learning styles (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) need full attention and engagement to maximise learning. Multitasking disrupts this engagement, particularly for kinesthetic learners who benefit from hands-on activities, as it interrupts focus and hinders experiential learning.

Key Study:

A 2006 study from Cornell University found that students who multitasked during lectures (e.g., browsing on laptops or engaging in social media) were less likely to retain information and performed worse on tests. This study illustrates how multitasking impairs focus on the auditory and visual aspects of learning, ultimately affecting information retention.

4. Can anyone multitask successfully?

Success in multitasking depends on how it’s defined. For example, if you bake a cake without burning it, you might consider it a success. However, it might not taste as good as if you had focused entirely and removed it from the oven at the perfect moment. Success varies based on expectations: you might feel satisfied delivering a half-researched report to your boss, but they may have expected high-quality output. The ability to multitask effectively depends on the type of tasks, their cognitive demands, and individual differences rather than gender. Cultural and social factors can also influence multitasking abilities, as some people may have more practice in juggling multiple tasks. It’s possible to enhance multitasking skills by training the mind and body to switch tasks more efficiently and handle stress better. Emotional regulation plays a significant role in improving multitasking performance.

5. Can you offer practical advice for people who want to multitask better (or avoid it if necessary)?

• Practice learned skills: Regularly applying and reinforcing certain skills can improve multitasking abilities over time. The more you engage in multitasking, the more adaptable and proficient you become.
• Use self-talk to stay productive: Encouraging yourself and setting up “power hours” can boost productivity when you’re motivated. Motivation is key to successful multitasking.
• Limit multitasking to two tasks: Avoid taking on more than two tasks at a time. When you exceed two, the quality of results tends to decline. The body functions well in pairs—two hands, two eyes, two legs—so managing only two tasks at a time provides your brain the capacity to store and recall information effectively.
• Minimise distractions: External distractions can take precious time away. Even a brief interruption can require several minutes to refocus on the current task.
• Multitask with repetitive tasks: For example, while driving, the mind may wander because driving is repetitive. This is why people often make phone calls while driving, although it still reduces performance, especially reaction time.
• Use chunking and batching: Break tasks into smaller parts (chunking) or group similar tasks together (batching) to improve switching efficiency and effectiveness.

To learn more about Multitasking join one of our priorities or time management training sessions.